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AWS for DevOps Engineers:

 

AWS for DevOps Engineers: Complete Guide to Cloud Automation

📅 Published: June 2026
⏱️ Estimated Reading Time: 28 minutes
🏷️ Tags: AWS, DevOps, Cloud Computing, EC2, S3, IAM, Lambda, CloudFormation


Introduction: Why AWS for DevOps?

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world's most comprehensive cloud platform. For DevOps engineers, AWS provides building blocks to create scalable, reliable, and automated infrastructure.

Why DevOps engineers need AWS:

  • Over 90% of enterprises use AWS

  • DevOps job postings almost always require AWS knowledge

  • AWS services are designed for automation and infrastructure as code

  • The AWS ecosystem has tools for every DevOps need

This guide covers the essential AWS services every DevOps engineer must know, organized by how they are used in DevOps workflows.


Part 1: Core Compute Services

EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

EC2 provides virtual servers in the cloud. It is the foundation of most AWS applications.

Key EC2 Concepts:

ConceptDescription
AMIAmazon Machine Image (template for EC2 instances)
Instance TypeCPU, memory, storage configuration (t2.micro, m5.large, etc.)
Security GroupVirtual firewall for instance
Key PairSSH access credentials
EBS VolumePersistent block storage
User DataScript that runs at launch

EC2 CLI Commands:

bash
# List instances
aws ec2 describe-instances

# Launch instance
aws ec2 run-instances \
  --image-id ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0 \
  --instance-type t2.micro \
  --key-name MyKeyPair \
  --security-group-ids sg-12345678 \
  --user-data file://user-data.sh

# Start/stop/terminate
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids i-1234567890abcdef0
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids i-1234567890abcdef0
aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids i-1234567890abcdef0

Terraform Example:

hcl
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
  key_name      = aws_key_pair.my_key.key_name
  vpc_security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.web.id]
  
  user_data = <<-EOF
    #!/bin/bash
    yum update -y
    yum install -y nginx
    systemctl start nginx
  EOF
  
  tags = {
    Name = "web-server"
    Environment = "production"
  }
}

EC2 Auto Scaling

Auto Scaling automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances based on demand.

hcl
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "web" {
  name = "web-asg"
  min_size = 2
  max_size = 10
  desired_capacity = 2
  
  launch_template {
    id = aws_launch_template.web.id
    version = "$Latest"
  }
  
  vpc_zone_identifier = aws_subnet.public[*].id
  
  tag {
    key = "Name"
    value = "web-server"
    propagate_at_launch = true
  }
}

resource "aws_autoscaling_policy" "cpu_policy" {
  name = "cpu-policy"
  scaling_adjustment = 1
  adjustment_type = "ChangeInCapacity"
  cooldown = 300
  autoscaling_group_name = aws_autoscaling_group.web.name
}

resource "aws_cloudwatch_metric_alarm" "high_cpu" {
  alarm_name = "high-cpu"
  comparison_operator = "GreaterThanThreshold"
  evaluation_periods = 2
  metric_name = "CPUUtilization"
  namespace = "AWS/EC2"
  period = 120
  statistic = "Average"
  threshold = 80
  
  dimensions = {
    AutoScalingGroupName = aws_autoscaling_group.web.name
  }
  
  alarm_actions = [aws_autoscaling_policy.cpu_policy.arn]
}

Part 2: Storage Services

S3 (Simple Storage Service)

S3 is object storage for any type of data. It is infinitely scalable and extremely durable.

S3 Storage Classes:

ClassUse CaseRetrieval
StandardFrequently accessed dataInstant
Standard-IAInfrequently accessedInstant
One Zone-IANon-critical, infrequentInstant
Glacier Instant RetrievalArchive, fast accessMilliseconds
Glacier Flexible RetrievalArchive, minutes1-5 minutes
Glacier Deep ArchiveArchive, hours12-48 hours

S3 CLI Commands:

bash
# Create bucket
aws s3 mb s3://my-bucket --region us-east-1

# List buckets
aws s3 ls

# Copy files
aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/
aws s3 sync ./local-folder s3://my-bucket/folder/

# Set bucket policy
aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket my-bucket --policy file://policy.json

Terraform Example:

hcl
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "data" {
  bucket = "my-app-data-${var.environment}"
  
  tags = {
    Environment = var.environment
    ManagedBy = "Terraform"
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_versioning" "data" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.data.id
  versioning_configuration {
    status = "Enabled"
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_server_side_encryption_configuration" "data" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.data.id
  
  rule {
    apply_server_side_encryption_by_default {
      sse_algorithm = "AES256"
    }
  }
}

resource "aws_s3_bucket_lifecycle_configuration" "data" {
  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.data.id
  
  rule {
    id = "transition-to-ia"
    status = "Enabled"
    
    transition {
      days = 30
      storage_class = "STANDARD_IA"
    }
  }
  
  rule {
    id = "archive-old"
    status = "Enabled"
    
    transition {
      days = 90
      storage_class = "GLACIER"
    }
  }
}

EBS (Elastic Block Storage)

EBS provides block storage volumes for EC2 instances.

hcl
resource "aws_ebs_volume" "data" {
  availability_zone = "us-west-2a"
  size = 100
  type = "gp3"
  
  tags = {
    Name = "data-volume"
  }
}

resource "aws_volume_attachment" "data_attach" {
  device_name = "/dev/sdf"
  volume_id = aws_ebs_volume.data.id
  instance_id = aws_instance.web.id
}

Part 3: Networking Services

VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)

VPC is your private network in AWS.

hcl
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
  enable_dns_hostnames = true
  enable_dns_support = true
  
  tags = {
    Name = "main-vpc"
  }
}

# Subnets
resource "aws_subnet" "public" {
  count = 2
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block = "10.0.${count.index}.0/24"
  availability_zone = data.aws_availability_zones.available.names[count.index]
  map_public_ip_on_launch = true
  
  tags = {
    Name = "public-subnet-${count.index + 1}"
  }
}

# Internet Gateway
resource "aws_internet_gateway" "main" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
  
  tags = {
    Name = "main-igw"
  }
}

# Route Table
resource "aws_route_table" "public" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
  
  route {
    cidr_block = "0.0.0.0/0"
    gateway_id = aws_internet_gateway.main.id
  }
  
  tags = {
    Name = "public-rt"
  }
}

# Route Table Association
resource "aws_route_table_association" "public" {
  count = 2
  subnet_id = aws_subnet.public[count.index].id
  route_table_id = aws_route_table.public.id
}

Load Balancers

Application Load Balancer (ALB):

hcl
resource "aws_lb" "web" {
  name = "web-alb"
  internal = false
  load_balancer_type = "application"
  security_groups = [aws_security_group.alb.id]
  subnets = aws_subnet.public[*].id
}

resource "aws_lb_target_group" "web" {
  name = "web-tg"
  port = 80
  protocol = "HTTP"
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
  
  health_check {
    path = "/health"
    port = "traffic-port"
    healthy_threshold = 2
    unhealthy_threshold = 2
    timeout = 5
    interval = 30
  }
}

resource "aws_lb_listener" "web" {
  load_balancer_arn = aws_lb.web.arn
  port = 80
  protocol = "HTTP"
  
  default_action {
    type = "forward"
    target_group_arn = aws_lb_target_group.web.arn
  }
}

Part 4: Compute - Serverless

Lambda

Lambda runs code without provisioning servers.

python
# lambda_function.py
import json
import boto3

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    print(f"Received event: {json.dumps(event)}")
    
    return {
        'statusCode': 200,
        'body': json.dumps({
            'message': 'Hello from Lambda!',
            'event': event
        })
    }

Terraform Lambda Deployment:

hcl
data "archive_file" "lambda" {
  type = "zip"
  source_file = "lambda_function.py"
  output_path = "lambda.zip"
}

resource "aws_lambda_function" "my_function" {
  filename = "lambda.zip"
  function_name = "my-function"
  role = aws_iam_role.lambda.arn
  handler = "lambda_function.lambda_handler"
  runtime = "python3.9"
  
  environment {
    variables = {
      ENVIRONMENT = var.environment
    }
  }
}

resource "aws_iam_role" "lambda" {
  name = "lambda-role"
  
  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [{
      Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
      Effect = "Allow"
      Principal = {
        Service = "lambda.amazonaws.com"
      }
    }]
  })
}

Part 5: Security - IAM

IAM (Identity and Access Management)

IAM controls who can access what.

hcl
# IAM User
resource "aws_iam_user" "developer" {
  name = "developer"
}

# IAM Group
resource "aws_iam_group" "developers" {
  name = "developers"
}

resource "aws_iam_group_membership" "developers" {
  name = "developers-membership"
  users = [aws_iam_user.developer.name]
  group = aws_iam_group.developers.name
}

# IAM Policy
resource "aws_iam_policy" "s3_read_only" {
  name = "s3-read-only"
  
  policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [
      {
        Effect = "Allow"
        Action = [
          "s3:GetObject",
          "s3:ListBucket"
        ]
        Resource = [
          "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket",
          "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/*"
        ]
      }
    ]
  })
}

resource "aws_iam_group_policy_attachment" "developers_s3" {
  group = aws_iam_group.developers.name
  policy_arn = aws_iam_policy.s3_read_only.arn
}

# IAM Role for EC2
resource "aws_iam_role" "ec2_role" {
  name = "ec2-role"
  
  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [{
      Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
      Effect = "Allow"
      Principal = {
        Service = "ec2.amazonaws.com"
      }
    }]
  })
}

resource "aws_iam_instance_profile" "ec2_profile" {
  name = "ec2-profile"
  role = aws_iam_role.ec2_role.name
}

# Attach policy to role
resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "ec2_s3" {
  role = aws_iam_role.ec2_role.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonS3ReadOnlyAccess"
}

Part 6: Database Services

RDS (Relational Database Service)

hcl
resource "aws_db_instance" "postgres" {
  identifier = "my-database"
  engine = "postgres"
  engine_version = "15.3"
  instance_class = "db.t3.micro"
  
  allocated_storage = 20
  storage_type = "gp3"
  storage_encrypted = true
  
  db_name = "myapp"
  username = "admin"
  password = random_password.db_password.result
  
  vpc_security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.database.id]
  db_subnet_group_name = aws_db_subnet_group.main.name
  
  backup_retention_period = 7
  backup_window = "03:00-04:00"
  maintenance_window = "Mon:04:00-Mon:05:00"
  
  skip_final_snapshot = var.environment != "prod"
  deletion_protection = var.environment == "prod"
  
  tags = {
    Environment = var.environment
  }
}

resource "random_password" "db_password" {
  length = 16
  special = false
}

resource "aws_db_subnet_group" "main" {
  name = "main-subnet-group"
  subnet_ids = aws_subnet.private[*].id
}

Part 7: Monitoring - CloudWatch

CloudWatch Monitoring

hcl
# CloudWatch Metric Alarm
resource "aws_cloudwatch_metric_alarm" "high_cpu" {
  alarm_name = "high-cpu-alarm"
  comparison_operator = "GreaterThanThreshold"
  evaluation_periods = 2
  metric_name = "CPUUtilization"
  namespace = "AWS/EC2"
  period = 300
  statistic = "Average"
  threshold = 80
  
  dimensions = {
    InstanceId = aws_instance.web.id
  }
  
  alarm_actions = [aws_sns_topic.alerts.arn]
}

# SNS Topic for Alerts
resource "aws_sns_topic" "alerts" {
  name = "alerts-topic"
}

resource "aws_sns_topic_subscription" "email" {
  topic_arn = aws_sns_topic.alerts.arn
  protocol = "email"
  endpoint = "alerts@example.com"
}

# CloudWatch Dashboard
resource "aws_cloudwatch_dashboard" "main" {
  dashboard_name = "main-dashboard"
  
  dashboard_body = jsonencode({
    widgets = [
      {
        type = "metric"
        properties = {
          metrics = [
            ["AWS/EC2", "CPUUtilization", "InstanceId", aws_instance.web.id]
          ]
          period = 300
          stat = "Average"
          region = "us-west-2"
          title = "CPU Utilization"
        }
      }
    ]
  })
}

# CloudWatch Log Group
resource "aws_cloudwatch_log_group" "application" {
  name = "/aws/application/myapp"
  retention_in_days = 30
}

Part 8: Infrastructure as Code - CloudFormation

CloudFormation Basics

CloudFormation is AWS's native Infrastructure as Code tool.

yaml
# template.yaml
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Description: 'S3 Bucket with Versioning'

Parameters:
  Environment:
    Type: String
    Default: dev
    AllowedValues:
      - dev
      - staging
      - prod

Resources:
  MyBucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: !Sub my-app-${Environment}-${AWS::AccountId}
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled
      Tags:
        - Key: Environment
          Value: !Ref Environment
        - Key: ManagedBy
          Value: CloudFormation

Outputs:
  BucketName:
    Description: Name of the S3 bucket
    Value: !Ref MyBucket
  BucketArn:
    Description: ARN of the S3 bucket
    Value: !GetAtt MyBucket.Arn

CloudFormation CLI:

bash
# Create stack
aws cloudformation create-stack \
  --stack-name my-stack \
  --template-body file://template.yaml \
  --parameters ParameterKey=Environment,ParameterValue=prod

# Update stack
aws cloudformation update-stack \
  --stack-name my-stack \
  --template-body file://template.yaml

# Delete stack
aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name my-stack

# Describe stack
aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name my-stack

Part 9: DevOps Tools

CodePipeline (CI/CD)

yaml
Resources:
  SourceRepo:
    Type: AWS::CodeCommit::Repository
    Properties:
      RepositoryName: my-app-repo
      RepositoryDescription: Source code repository

  BuildProject:
    Type: AWS::CodeBuild::Project
    Properties:
      Name: my-app-build
      Source:
        Type: CODECOMMIT
        Location: !GetAtt SourceRepo.CloneUrlHttp
      Artifacts:
        Type: CODEPIPELINE
      Environment:
        Type: LINUX_CONTAINER
        ComputeType: BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL
        Image: aws/codebuild/amazonlinux2-x86_64-standard:3.0

  Pipeline:
    Type: AWS::CodePipeline::Pipeline
    Properties:
      Name: my-app-pipeline
      Stages:
        - Name: Source
          Actions:
            - Name: SourceAction
              ActionTypeId:
                Category: Source
                Owner: AWS
                Provider: CodeCommit
                Version: '1'
              Configuration:
                RepositoryName: !Ref SourceRepo
                BranchName: main
              OutputArtifacts:
                - Name: SourceOutput
              
        - Name: Build
          Actions:
            - Name: BuildAction
              ActionTypeId:
                Category: Build
                Owner: AWS
                Provider: CodeBuild
                Version: '1'
              Configuration:
                ProjectName: !Ref BuildProject
              InputArtifacts:
                - Name: SourceOutput
              OutputArtifacts:
                - Name: BuildOutput

CodeDeploy (Deployment Automation)

yaml
# appspec.yml
version: 0.0
os: linux
files:
  - source: /
    destination: /var/www/html
hooks:
  BeforeInstall:
    - location: scripts/install_dependencies.sh
      timeout: 300
      runas: root
  ApplicationStart:
    - location: scripts/start_server.sh
      timeout: 300
      runas: root
  ApplicationStop:
    - location: scripts/stop_server.sh
      timeout: 300
      runas: root

Part 10: Cost Management

AWS Cost Explorer CLI

bash
# Get cost for last month
aws ce get-cost-and-usage \
  --time-period Start=2025-05-01,End=2025-06-01 \
  --granularity MONTHLY \
  --metrics "BlendedCost" \
  --group-by Type=DIMENSION,Key=SERVICE

# Get daily cost for last 7 days
aws ce get-cost-and-usage \
  --time-period Start=$(date -d '7 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d),End=$(date +%Y-%m-%d) \
  --granularity DAILY \
  --metrics "UnblendedCost"

# Cost by tag
aws ce get-cost-and-usage \
  --time-period Start=2025-05-01,End=2025-06-01 \
  --granularity MONTHLY \
  --metrics "BlendedCost" \
  --group-by Type=TAG,Key=Environment

Budget Setup

hcl
resource "aws_budgets_budget" "monthly" {
  name = "monthly-budget"
  budget_type = "COST"
  limit_amount = "1000"
  limit_unit = "USD"
  time_period_start = "2025-01-01_00:00"
  time_unit = "MONTHLY"
  
  notification {
    comparison_operator = "GREATER_THAN"
    threshold = 80
    threshold_type = "PERCENTAGE"
    notification_type = "ACTUAL"
    subscriber_email_addresses = ["alerts@example.com"]
  }
  
  notification {
    comparison_operator = "GREATER_THAN"
    threshold = 100
    threshold_type = "PERCENTAGE"
    notification_type = "FORECASTED"
    subscriber_email_addresses = ["alerts@example.com"]
  }
}

AWS DevOps Best Practices

Security

  • Enable MFA for all IAM users

  • Use IAM roles, never access keys for EC2

  • Encrypt everything (S3, EBS, RDS)

  • Rotate credentials regularly

  • Enable CloudTrail for auditing

Cost Optimization

  • Use Auto Scaling to match capacity to demand

  • Use Spot Instances for fault-tolerant workloads

  • Use Reserved Instances for steady-state workloads

  • Set up budgets and alerts

  • Delete unused resources

Reliability

  • Deploy across multiple Availability Zones

  • Use load balancers for high availability

  • Implement health checks

  • Create disaster recovery plan

  • Practice failure scenarios

Performance

  • Right-size instances based on metrics

  • Use caching (ElastiCache, CloudFront)

  • Optimize database queries

  • Use CDN for static content

Operational Excellence

  • Infrastructure as Code (CloudFormation/Terraform)

  • Immutable infrastructure

  • Automated testing

  • Comprehensive monitoring

  • Regular backups


AWS CLI Cheat Sheet

bash
# EC2
aws ec2 describe-instances
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids i-xxx
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids i-xxx

# S3
aws s3 ls
aws s3 cp file.txt s3://bucket/
aws s3 sync ./local s3://bucket/

# IAM
aws iam list-users
aws iam create-user --user-name newuser

# CloudFormation
aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name my-stack --template-body file://template.yaml
aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name my-stack

# Lambda
aws lambda list-functions
aws lambda invoke --function-name my-function output.json

# RDS
aws rds describe-db-instances
aws rds create-db-instance --db-instance-identifier mydb --db-instance-class db.t3.micro

# CloudWatch
aws cloudwatch put-metric-data --namespace MyApp --metric-name CPU --value 75
aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics --namespace AWS/EC2 --metric-name CPUUtilization

AWS Services Map for DevOps

text
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         Developer Tools                          │
│  CodeCommit │ CodeBuild │ CodeDeploy │ CodePipeline │ CodeStar   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Compute                                   │
│  EC2 │ ECS │ EKS │ Lambda │ Lightsail │ Batch │ Elastic Beanstalk│
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Storage                                   │
│  S3 │ EBS │ EFS │ Glacier │ Storage Gateway │ FSx                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Database                                  │
│  RDS │ DynamoDB │ Aurora │ Redshift │ ElastiCache │ DocumentDB   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Networking                               │
│  VPC │ CloudFront │ Route 53 │ API Gateway │ Direct Connect      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Security                                 │
│  IAM │ KMS │ Secrets Manager │ WAF │ Shield │ GuardDuty         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                         Monitoring                               │
│  CloudWatch │ CloudTrail │ X-Ray │ Config │ Health Dashboard    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Summary

CategoryKey ServicesPrimary Use
ComputeEC2, Lambda, ECSRun applications
StorageS3, EBS, EFSStore data
NetworkingVPC, ALB, Route 53Connect resources
DatabaseRDS, DynamoDBStore structured data
SecurityIAM, KMS, WAFControl access
MonitoringCloudWatch, X-RayObserve systems
CI/CDCodePipeline, CodeBuildAutomate delivery
IaCCloudFormation, CDKInfrastructure as code

Mastering these core AWS services will enable you to build, deploy, and operate applications at scale.


Learn More

Practice AWS DevOps with hands-on exercises in our interactive labs:
https://devops.trainwithsky.com/

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